References & Reading

• Reading on "Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants in the Intensive Care Unit: An Evidence-based Review" By Ruth M. Kleinpell, PhD, RN, ACNP, FCCM; E. Wesley Ely, MD, MPH, FCCM; Robert Grabenkort, PA, MMSc, FCCM
  Link to PDF

• US News and World Report, "Soul of a Surgeon" By Richard Selzer, M.D. 7/12/04
  Link to Site

Reading on the Eighty Hour work week for Resident Physicians:

• Herrick, T "As Residents Sleep" Clinician News 7(3):1, 13-15, May 2003

• MJ Niederee et al. "Significant alterations in the current design & structure al surgical
  training programs will be required to meet the ACGME guidelines". Arch. Surgery
  2003; 138:663-71

For those exploring an exciting career as a surgical PA:

• "Opportunities in Physician Assistant Careers" by T.J. Sacks

• "Getting into the PA School of your Choice" by Andrew J. Rodican

• "Kernel in the Pod: The Adventures of a "Midlevel" Clinician." by J. Michael Jones

For the Experienced surgical PA:

• "Kernel in the Pod: The Adventures of a "Midlevel" Clinician." by J. Michael Jones

• "Physician Assistants in American Medicine" by R Hooker and J. Cawley

On the Cost effectiveness of the surgical PA:

• Druss et al. "Trends in care by non-physician clinicians in the US" NEJM
  2003: 348;130-7 Review- A medical expenditure survey, Administered by agency
  for healthcare research & quality.

• Lin Sx, Hoocker et al. "NP's and PAs in hospital out patient departments" Nursing
  Economics PAs & NP's represent a cost-effective strategy.

Surgical PAs help reduce the surgical workload:

• R Gates et al The American Surgeon, May 2003 Volume 69 #5 page 367:
  "More than 1/2 of those survied stated they would not encourage a young person to
  pursue a career in medicine".Blumm, R and Condit, C

• "Surgical Physician Assistants Help Solve Contemporary Problems." Bulletin of the American College of Surgeon's June 2003, p. 14-18 Sheldon GF

• "Great Expectations: The 21st century health workforce" AM J. Surg.
  Jan. 2003 185:35-41 Author suggests PAs will provide many essential services

On the surgical PAs scope of practice:

• Gunneson et al. "US assisted percutaneous liver biopsy reformed by PAs AMJ Gastroent 2002:97:1472-5" The PA obtained adeel tissue 99.8%. Complications requiring hospitalization were 0.6%.

• Lee, et. al. "Survey on Utilization of Nonsurgeon Practitioners in Cardiothoracic Surgery"

• Surgical PA Journal, November 2000 (vol. 6 #11) Marsters, C "Pneumothorax as a Complication of Central Venous Cannulation Performed by PAs"

• Surgical Physician Assistant Journal March 2000: Vol6 #3. The complication rate was 0.57%.

• Dubaybo, BA et.al. "The Role of Physician Assistant's in Critical care Units" Chest; 1991; 99, p. 89-91.

History of the Surgical Physician Assistant:

• Heineich, J et.al. "The Physician Assistant as resident on the Surgical Service"
  Archives of Surgery. 1980; 115: p. 310-314

Marketing the Profession:

• Jiorle, L "Going it Alone" Clinician News 5(7):1, 14-15, July 2001

General Physician Assistant information:

• Dinitz, M "Nonphysician Practitioners at Work" Oncology Issues 18(5):28-29,
  January 2003

• J Mittman, Cuwels, Fern. "PAs in the United States" British Medical Journal. 2002:
  325:485-7 Great overview of the PA Profession. Great to read before an interview
  to PA School.