References & Reading
Reading on "Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants in the Intensive Care Unit: An Evidence-based Review" By Ruth M. Kleinpell, PhD, RN, ACNP, FCCM; E. Wesley Ely, MD, MPH, FCCM; Robert Grabenkort, PA, MMSc, FCCM
Link to PDF
US News and World Report, "Soul of a Surgeon" By Richard Selzer, M.D. 7/12/04
Link to Site
Reading on the Eighty Hour work week for Resident Physicians:
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Herrick, T "As Residents Sleep" Clinician News 7(3):1, 13-15, May 2003
MJ Niederee et al. "Significant alterations in the current design & structure al surgical
training programs will be required to meet the ACGME guidelines". Arch. Surgery
2003; 138:663-71
For those exploring an exciting career as a surgical PA:
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"Opportunities in Physician Assistant Careers" by T.J. Sacks
"Getting into the PA School of your Choice" by Andrew J. Rodican
"Kernel in the Pod: The Adventures of a "Midlevel" Clinician." by J. Michael Jones
For the Experienced surgical PA:
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"Kernel in the Pod: The Adventures of a "Midlevel" Clinician." by J. Michael Jones
"Physician Assistants in American Medicine" by R Hooker and J. Cawley
On the Cost effectiveness of the surgical PA:
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Druss et al. "Trends in care by non-physician clinicians in the US" NEJM
2003: 348;130-7 Review- A medical expenditure survey, Administered by agency
for healthcare research & quality. Lin Sx, Hoocker et al. "NP's and PAs in hospital out patient departments" Nursing
Economics PAs & NP's represent a cost-effective strategy.
Surgical PAs help reduce the surgical workload:
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R Gates et al The American Surgeon, May 2003 Volume 69 #5 page 367:
"More than 1/2 of those survied stated they would not encourage a young person to
pursue a career in medicine".Blumm, R and Condit, C
"Surgical Physician Assistants Help Solve Contemporary Problems." Bulletin of the American College of Surgeon's June 2003, p. 14-18 Sheldon GF
"Great Expectations: The 21st century health workforce" AM J. Surg.
Jan. 2003 185:35-41 Author suggests PAs will provide many essential services
On the surgical PAs scope of practice:
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Gunneson et al. "US assisted percutaneous liver biopsy reformed by PAs AMJ Gastroent 2002:97:1472-5" The PA obtained adeel tissue 99.8%. Complications requiring hospitalization were 0.6%.
Lee, et. al. "Survey on Utilization of Nonsurgeon Practitioners in Cardiothoracic Surgery"
Surgical PA Journal, November 2000 (vol. 6 #11) Marsters, C "Pneumothorax as a Complication of Central Venous Cannulation Performed by PAs"
Surgical Physician Assistant Journal March 2000: Vol6 #3. The complication rate was 0.57%.
Dubaybo, BA et.al. "The Role of Physician Assistant's in Critical care Units" Chest; 1991; 99, p. 89-91.
History of the Surgical Physician Assistant:
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Heineich, J et.al. "The Physician Assistant as resident on the Surgical Service"
Archives of Surgery. 1980; 115: p. 310-314
Marketing the Profession:
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Jiorle, L "Going it Alone" Clinician News 5(7):1, 14-15, July 2001
General Physician Assistant information:
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Dinitz, M "Nonphysician Practitioners at Work" Oncology Issues 18(5):28-29,
January 2003 J Mittman, Cuwels, Fern. "PAs in the United States" British Medical Journal. 2002:
325:485-7 Great overview of the PA Profession. Great to read before an interview
to PA School.